Vignettes of Royapuram: A Pantheistic Pilgrimage

SRI ANGALA PARAMESHWARI TEMPLE

Inadequacy wormed its way into my consciousness after a disappointing Indian Literature seminar. What was meant to be an evaluation of my performance segued into a discussion of my passion for Chennai. Dr. Padma V. McKertich made her case for Royapuram the way my classmates made theirs for Kailaash’s momos. Let’s just say I’ll be going back to Royapuram for seconds.

I was tingling with excitement in 27D and 1B because I was en route to a forbidden rendezvous, not with a scorned lover, but a temple.

My ultra-Catholic kinsfolk roll their eyes, turn up their noses, and grimace so much at temples, it’s a wonder these haven’t become their default expressions.

Catholic Christian is my religious identity, too, but my mind is less stuffy because I air it out on every street, allowing it to absorb all the pigments and fragrances of the city.

Sri Angala Parameshwari Amman Temple was the first temple I visited alone, and of my own accord. Crossing the arch was like entering a parallel reality. Vendors fanned religious paraphernalia—lamps, flowers, fruits, japa mala, incense—on tarpaulin-covered crates. Women in heavy silk saris were preoccupied with their tots, purses, and prasad. I slipped out of my footwear and when my feet contacted the cool stone floor, I was overwhelmed with the sensation of novelty.

Vegetarian BBQ and fanmail for the goddess.

Stepping inside was only the first part—and the easiest one. Where are Sowmya, Gayathri, and the Telugu Keerthanas when I need them most? I mused. There was no route map, no signposts, but I walked, passing various deities on the walls and feeling vaguely comforted by the familiar ones. They were all at home, unlike me, the square peg in a round hole. Spigot and basin, lingam, mysterious narrow pathway punctuated by tiny niches, and look—there’s that guardrail again, the one that leads to the sanctum. Pride settled over me when I realized I had inadvertently completed parikrama.

The susurrus crescendoed into regular speech. Snatches of conversation became discernible. The crowd was swelling on either side of the guardrail. The colors multiplied, the smells perked. It was time to glimpse her royal highness, Sri Angala Parameshwari.

The priest, with streaked forehead and starched garb, stepped forward. Together with his assistants, he dispatched the feast of coconuts, bananas, and jasmine to her majesty’s chambers. Maybe my eyes were open a mile too wide, or I had too many giveaway tics, because I felt the heat of the priest’s glowering. I spy with my priestly eyea newbie. Or perhaps it was the effect of being in a huddle of silk-cocooned bodies.

The ladies of Royapuram flock at the guardrails for a glimpse of the goddess.

Souvenirs were unthinkable, but I left with a smirk. How was this for defiance, family?

ST. PETER’S CHURCH

Upon visiting a new area, I locate the nearest church and pay it a visit. This is my travel ritual, the only one I’ve steadfastly kept, regardless of the weather of my soul.

Squat St. Peter’s Church sits like a ship in the middle of a desert. The overlap in ecclesiastical and naval architecture in coastal cities is owing to the patronage of sailors from foreign seas, local boatmen, and fisherfolk. Marian miracles at sea are usually the impetus to build churches. St. Peter’s pays homage to the Mother in color, but not in name. The etymology is lost on me, but Royapuram’s namesake is believed to be St. Peter.

A ship in the middle of a desert.

Parikrama turned into pilgrimage because I chose to walk from the temple to the church. The campus was reminiscent of a seashore. A cricket team was in the middle of an intense game when I entered. Out of courtesy for the nervous newcomer who had blended into the boundary wall, they halted their game. I scuttled to the entrance and was greeted by familiar smells and faces.

A regal ciborium sheltered the crucifix and pointed to the dome of heaven where the Father, the Spirit, and the angelic host perched on delicate clouds.

Heaven looking down on Earth, Earth looking up to Heaven.

The finest detail on the altar was the background to the crucifix, depicting a faithful Mary Magdalene. She’s always relegated to the background, because Peter lived to shove her out of the limelight. Still, it’s a giant leap in the direction of progress to include her on the altar. Knowing Peter, he’s probably gonna deny that too.

ROYAPURAM JAMA MASJID

Calligraphic outlines, windows that strain light into mesmerizing henna on the skin of the floor, speakers like confounded weather vanes.

Geometry never looked this beautiful.

It saddens me to think I might never know a mosque from the inside. I can only imagine skullcaps being centered, headscarves being wrapped, prayer mats being unfurled. At least the adhan reaches me every day.

PARSI ANJUMAN BAUG DHARAMSHALA

“Zoro-what?” is people’s most common response upon hearing “Zoroastrian” for the first time. Quite a mouthful, I agree, but the subdued Persian contours of the word refresh the mouth, like a sip of faloodeh.

My fascination with Zoroastrianism was born when I was seven, and my mother gifted me a Dorling Kindersley encyclopedia. Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Judaism had dedicated articles spanning a minimum of two pages. A petite paragraph on Zoroastrianism, with a picture of a navjot, was tucked into a corner of one of the pages on Religion.

Tucked away is still how I would describe Chennai’s Zoroastrian community, and its places of interest.

The Parsi Anjuman Baug Dharamshala is a complex that serves as an inn to travelers, and a cemetery to those who have completed their journeys.

Pillar and plaque.

As the non-Zoroastrian groundskeepers could not get me an audience with the deputy, I couldn’t stir the deceased or the living. I threw a courteous-curious glance over the low cemetery wall, read the inscription on the pillar, and spied into half-open windows and doors to discern aged Zoroastrians in sudreh and kusti with their heads tipped back in chairs.

MATER DOLOROSA CHURCH

This church sure looks happy for one named after Our Lady of Sorrows. The discovery of this church was a happy accident while en route to my final destination.

Happy colors, sad name.

Originally a convent for Presentation nuns, and eventually a school, the plot found its ultimate purpose as a church.

Royapuram has a sizable Anglo-Indian demographic that suggested and sponsored Mater Dolorosa Church.

If only the Jews didn’t cluster in Mint, and the Sikhs and Baha’is in T Nagar, Royapuram would have been a one-stop shop for religious tourism.

DAR-E-MEH’R AGIARY

Praying before the chalice of flames in the Dar-e-Meh’r Agiary was an unvoiced desire of mine. The exclusive admittance policy “Parsis and Zoroastrian Iranis only” stands in my way.

Outside the wrought-iron gates I stood like an expectant prisoner, my mind fumbling for the words to the Ashem Vohu. Accepting that Avestan was out of reach, I whispered an English Our Father.

Carefully, I maneuvered my hands and my phone through the gaps between the bars, and took some pictures. Would it be trespassing if I let myself in? I wondered.

No Goblet of Fire moment for me, but I did have a moment.

To stay on the safe side of the law, I sought the advice—and the influence—of Dr. Nazneen Marshall, who has the unrivaled honor of being the first Zoroastrian to grace my life’s path. “Say you’re a student of Nazneen Marshall, wife of Bomi Gazder,” she told me.

When a lady with a pleasant face and a cautious demeanor appeared from the outhouse, I impulsively switched to Hindi, a language I’d abandoned for seven years, and asked to be let in. Maybe that was the icebreaker.

Mrs. and Mr. Zarir Daruwalla engaged me in a half-hour conversation about the general and local history of Zoroastrianism. We spoke of feminism, food, festivals, and fire, and when I had exhausted them and my vocabulary, they asked me not to quote them in newspapers and magazines.

The fire chalice, the fravahar, and a plaque that reads: “Admittance to Parsis and Zoroastrian Iranis only.”

They asked me the final question: “What are you? You don’t look like you’re from these parts.”

“Anglo-Indian,” I said, as neutrally as possible.

Smiles blossomed on their faces.

“There are lots here. Many of them are our friends!” Mrs. Daruwalla said.

The next day in Children’s Literature, everyone was assigned a reading task while I regaled Dr. Nazneen Marshall with my narrative and my Hindi.

Personal Recollections of St. Sebastian’s Church

If Madhavaram sounds unfamiliar in 2019, it was literally obscure when Mr. and Mrs. Vas installed themselves there in a sizable house on a sizable piece of land with their brood of seven back in 1974.

This little suburb, carefully tucked away in the north of Madras, had charmed a good number of Anglo-Indian, Malayali and Mangalorean families into moving in.

Now all of these families had Roman Catholicism in common which meant you’d have found them in their Sunday best at St. Sebastian’s Church.

The grounds of the church captured on a rainy Sunday evening. The stage served as the altar and the paved area in front of it functioned as the nave during the construction period.

If not for the cross that crowned the roof, this little church, an infant among its elderly ecclesiastical cousins like St. Mary’s (Parrys), Santhome and Our Lady of Light (Mylapore), and St. Andrew’s (Vepery), could have passed for a cottage.

The dwarf-church was not structurally imposing. With its bone-white walls, red-tiled roof, three blue doors and 15 brown pews, it couldn’t hold a candle to St. Mary’s with its lifelike paintings, Santhome with its neo-gothic architecture, Our Lady of Light with its miraculous history or St. Andrew’s which had already mothered three churches. Its only luxury was a circular lawn that was quartered by a cruciform footpath leading to the main entrance. Three Indian mast trees stood sentinel at the periphery of each quadrant of the lawn, shadowing four cement benches.

The Vas septet would stroll in almost daily through a revolving side-gate—the public convenience and the church’s technical institute hadn’t been erected yet—and meet the D’Montes, the Raphaels and the Binnys. While the adults made acquaintance and conversation with one another, the children gaily romped around the many Malabar plum trees or played jump rope with Fr. Paul’s girdle.

The first people to alter the demographic makeup of Madhavaram were the Burmese, most of whom occupied a sector called the Burma Camp. Linguistic preference (or proficiency) prompted some to fall under the Tamil-speaking community and others to fall under the English-speaking community. There emerged from the latter from a family of longtime residents a faithful choirmaster, Andrew David, who presented himself daily at mass where he sang and played the harmonium.

The friary housed three to five Franciscan priests, among them Fr. Fidelis D’Lima, a classy intellectual who groomed ordinands for priesthood. One of his protégés, Fr. Lawrence Simon, would give the church a facelift in due time.

The seating arrangement was such that nuns did not scatter themselves among the laity. The former, with the choir, occupied the left column of pews while the latter occupied the right.

By 1985, when the Catholic population had expanded significantly, Fr. Lawrence Simon was tasked with remodeling the church. The area was enlarged to accommodate 80 pews; a belfry topped with a red cross was constructed; the exterior walls were painted coral, cream and cantaloupe orange; the front wall featured a mosaic of Christ, the floor was lined with mosaic tiles; and the windows were barred with rows of iron arrows and a central bow to commemorate the manner of St. Sebastian’s execution.

St. Sebastian’s Church 2.0

I was the penultimate addition to the third generation of the Vas family—born when the world was on the cusp of a new millennium—and the last of said generation to be baptized in St. Sebastian’s. By the time of my birth, the population had burgeoned. A parish council had been established as had Basic Christian Communities. The number of choirs had multiplied. On the far end of the campus stood a technical institute.

The pathway leading to the technical institute.

At around this time, it became customary for each parish priest to execute a project that would enhance the religious or the overall experience of the parishioners. During his maiden stint, Fr. John Chrysostom laid a footpath and installed lampposts at the flanks; Fr. Amal Das shaded two strips immediately outside the wings of the church to provide a sitting area for surplus attendees that doubled as a waiting area for those expecting transport. Fr. Felix John Gassam erected the grotto, a staple feature of every Catholic church. When Fr. John Chrysostom returned a second time, he constructed a stage and cemented the external sitting areas. Fr. Singarayar built the much-needed adoration chapel (which, I feel, resembles a miniature Hallgrímskirkja), planted a flagpole and replaced the traditional crucifix with a mosaic of the San Damiano cross.

Now God had seen all of this and He was pleased. But all that while, He had something bigger in mind. He was just waiting for a young basketballer and law student to come along. And when he did, God decided, “He’s not a Peter but I can certainly make him one. He is Simon, and upon this rock I shall build my church.”

Phase one of construction.
The grotto as seen from the unfinished interior.
Three months prior to completion.

And in five years, Matthew 16:18 was fulfilled.

St. Sebastian’s Church 3.0 cannot be decisively categorized because it’s a medley of architectural styles: Classical Roman pillars, Gothic arches, Renaissance stained-glass windows, a gold-painted hemispherical dome that bears a faint likeness to Russian Orthodox onion domes, and an imitation of Brazil’s Art Deco Christ the Redeemer that will take your breath away.

St. Sebastian’s Church (unlit) on Inauguration Day.
Lights on! The church all lit up and surrounded.
Heavenly radiance: There was an excellent play of light followed by a display of fireworks.

Allow me to completely suspend my objectivity and tell you how proud my family and I feel to have watched our little church grow up with us.

A Polish Grave in Madras

It was curiosity that prompted my excursion from the family graves at St. Roque’s Cemetery. I stumbled upon the tomb of a Frenchman and a plaque dedicated “by their sorrowing parents” to pair of siblings, one of whom died at nine months and the other at 15.

Amidst familiar colonial names like Williams, D’Souza and McKertich I spotted, on a simple Gothic-style tablet, the unusual name of Kazimierz Czarnecki, a Varsovian merchant and navy seaman.

According to his headstone, Czarnecki “died while serving his country”. This made me eager to investigate the historical ties between India and Poland.

Turns out that during WWII, when Hitler was enforcing his eugenic ideologies through genocidal operations, 640 Jewish and Catholic children were shipped from Poland to India where they were given asylum by Maharaja Digvijaysinhji Ranjitsinhji Jadeja of Nawanagar. However, Czarnecki was 39 when he died in 1945, thus eliminating the possibility that he was one of the young refugees.

My best guess is that he was part of a naval convoy that was en route to Japan. According to The Polish Review and Eastern European Affairs, Volume 4, (published in 1944), “Even in the Far East, on the Pacific and Indian Oceans, Polish ships are doing their share in the struggle against Japan.” Poland allied with Japan during the 1905-1907 Russo-Japanese War, but declared war on them in 1941 due to pressure from the UK (where the Polish government was in exile) and the US post the Pearl Harbor attack. Japan’s Prime Minister Hideki Tōjō’s response to Poland was as follows: “We don’t accept the Polish declaration of war. The Poles, fighting for their freedom, declared war under the British pressure.”